用AI寫職務說明書的提示詞，13州刊登都合法

什麼樣的提示詞能讓AI寫出可以直接刊登的職務說明書？

有效的提示詞給模型六項輸入和兩項禁令。輸入包括：職稱、一句話說明公司（含城市與州）、依佔用一週時間多寡排列的五項職責、必備條件、上下限齊全的薪資範圍，以及截止日期。禁令有兩項：不准捏造內容，也不准使用暗示年齡、性別、家庭狀況或原國籍的字眼。貼上這段，再填入括號內容：

Write a job posting for a [job title] at [company name], a [one line: what the business does, how many people work there, city and state]. Duties, in order of time spent: [duty 1]; [duty 2]; [duty 3]; [duty 4]; [duty 5]. Must-haves: [list]. Nice-to-haves: [list]. Pay: [low] to [high] [an hour or a year], plus [benefits]. Schedule: [hours, days, on-site or remote]. Applications close [date], by email to [address]. Rules: 300 words or fewer. Five headed sections: a two-sentence summary, What you will do (my five duties as bullets, nothing added), What you need (must-haves as bullets, then nice-to-haves in one line), Pay and benefits (the exact numbers I gave, both ends of the range), How to apply (the deadline and the email). Plain words. No adjectives about the company, no degree or years-of-experience requirement I did not give, no words that hint at age, sex, family status or national origin, no "fast-paced", "rockstar" or "recent graduate". Do not invent duties, benefits or requirements. If anything I gave is unclear, ask before writing.

一則提示詞就夠了，因為變的是輸入，不是提示詞：這個查詢第一頁那些列出十個或十五個提示詞的清單，其實都是同一則提示詞，只是括號裡換了不同職位，真正要花功夫的是那六項輸入。我們在2026年9月27日用Claude（Fable 5.1）為丹佛一家七人的住宅水電管線公司跑了一次，因為科羅拉多州的徵才規定是全美最早也最廣的：自2021年1月1日起，在該州只要有1名員工的雇主，都必須公布薪資或薪資範圍、福利說明和應徵截止日期。科羅拉多州勞工部門已根據這項規定記錄了2,984件薪資透明度申訴，並開出$841,500的罰單（其申訴統計表，2026年9月4日更新）。填好的指令如下：

Write a job posting for an office manager at Rowe Plumbing, a residential plumbing company with seven employees in Denver, Colorado. Duties, in order of time spent: answer the phone and book service calls; dispatch both crews each morning and reschedule when a job runs long; send invoices and follow up on late payments in QuickBooks Online; order parts and keep the van stock list current; keep licences, insurance certificates and permit paperwork up to date. Must-haves: two years in an office role, QuickBooks Online, comfortable on the phone with upset customers. Nice-to-haves: Spanish, time at a trade business. Pay: $52,000 to $60,000 a year, plus health insurance with half the premium paid, ten days of paid time off and a paid week off at Christmas. Schedule: on-site, Monday to Friday, 7:30 to 4:00. Applications close 30 October 2026, by email to hiring@roweplumbing.example. [the rules, as above]

未經編輯的輸出，共179字（含標題，不計項目符號與粗體標記）：

Office Manager, Rowe Plumbing (Denver, CO)

Rowe Plumbing is a seven-person residential plumbing company in Denver. We need one person to run the office so the two crews can stay on the tools.

What you will do - Answer the phone and book service calls - Dispatch both crews each morning and reschedule when a job runs long - Send invoices and follow up on late payments in QuickBooks Online - Order parts and keep the van stock list current - Keep licences, insurance certificates and permit paperwork up to date

What you need - Two years in an office role - QuickBooks Online - Comfortable on the phone with customers who are upset about a leak

Nice to have: Spanish, or time spent working at a trade business.

Pay and benefits $52,000 to $60,000 a year, depending on experience. Health insurance with half the premium paid by Rowe. Ten days of paid time off, plus a paid week off at Christmas.

Schedule On-site in Denver, Monday to Friday, 7:30 am to 4:00 pm.

How to apply Email your resume to hiring@roweplumbing.example. Applications close 30 October 2026.

有兩件事值得注意。第一，模型在薪資那行加了「depending on experience」（視經驗而定），這不是任何輸入要求的。在這裡無傷大雅，科羅拉多州的指引也允許範圍涵蓋雇主「實際認為可能給出」的數字，但這類小小的添加，一旦跑進條件欄位變成「偏好學士學位」，就會出問題。每次都要拿「What you need」這一節對照你的原始指令檢查。第二是長度：179字，上限是300字。SHRM在2024年6月4日發表的Jasper與ChatGPT測試，發現的是相反的失敗：提示詞太薄時，產出的說明書「don't provide much clarity」（缺乏清晰度），所以固定的五個段落和字數上限確實發揮了作用。

我可以用AI寫出合法刊登的職務說明書嗎？

可以，每個州都行，前提是貼文帶有你所在州要求的內容；而截至2026年9月，有十三個州和華盛頓特區要求貼文本身就要列出薪資範圍。模型不會知道你在哪裡，除非你告訴它，所以提示詞才要求填城市與州，以及上下限都有的薪資範圍。門檻是小型企業最常搞錯的部分：它從1名員工就開始。

這張表整理自各主管機關或立法機構自己的網頁，閱讀日期為2026年9月27日（維吉尼亞州與緬因州為2026年9月29日），僅限美國。有自己規定的城市（紐約市、澤西市、克里夫蘭、哥倫布）未列入；若該州有規定，州的那一列就涵蓋它們。

這些列裡藏著三個陷阱，除非提示詞先堵住，否則模型每一個都會踩。第一，開放式範圍：紐約州勞工部說「The range of pay cannot be open ended, for instance, '$20 per hour and up' or 'maximum $50,000 per year.'」（薪資範圍不得無上限，例如「時薪$20起」或「年薪最高$50,000」）。科羅拉多州和明尼蘇達州的說法一樣。提示詞要求上下限都給，模型就沒有理由寫「$20 and up」或「DOE」。第二，截止日期：科羅拉多州要求善意的截止日期，其指引表示「open until filled」（徵到為止）不合規，所以提示詞要求填一個日期。第三，遠距工作：加州勞工專員的解讀是，只要職位「if the position may ever be filled in California, either in-person or remotely」（有可能在加州由人員到職或遠距遞補），這項規定就涵蓋該貼文；紐約州涵蓋向紐約主管報告的遠距職位；科羅拉多州則涵蓋遠距貼文，即使貼文寫明不考慮科羅拉多州居民。如果這份工作可以在家完成，不管你在哪個州，都把薪資範圍寫出來。

市場已經走在法律前面。Indeed Hiring Lab統計Indeed上列出薪資的美國職缺比例：2026年8月是51.8%，2020年1月是13.6%。在德州，沒列薪資範圍的貼文是合法的，但仍然輸給那一半有列的市場。本頁依各主管機關自己的說法呈現規定，並在來源中附上連結；你的公司是否適用，要看該機關的網頁或問你的律師，聊天機器人不是問這個的地方。

EEOC會把徵才貼文中的哪些用語視為歧視？

任何顯示偏好或勸退受保護族群應徵者的用語。EEOC自己的那句話：「It is illegal for an employer to publish a job advertisement that shows a preference for or discourages someone from applying for a job because of his or her race, color, religion, sex (including transgender status, sexual orientation, and pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information.」（雇主刊登徵才廣告，因種族、膚色、宗教、性別（包括跨性別身分、性傾向與懷孕）、原國籍、年齡（40歲以上）、身心障礙或基因資訊而顯示偏好或勸退他人應徵，屬違法行為。）針對年齡，聯邦法律還加了一份具體清單：29 CFR 1625.4把「age 25 to 35, young, college student, recent college graduate, boy, girl, or others of a similar nature」列為會嚇退年長應徵者的用語，除非適用法定例外。

模型會重現散落在數百萬篇爬取貼文裡的那些暗示：「recent graduate」、「digital native」、「young and energetic team」、「native English speaker」（涉及原國籍）、「he will manage」，以及出於習慣貼上的學歷要求。提示詞直接點名禁止前三項，其餘則以類別禁止，但這仍然是同一個模型在檢查自己。第二輪要交給不同家族的模型，因為模型重讀自己的草稿時，往往會替它辯護。如果是Claude寫的，就把完成的貼文貼給GPT，反過來也一樣，搭配這則提示詞：

Here is a job posting. Read it as an employment lawyer would. List every word or requirement that could discourage an applicant because of age, sex, race, religion, national origin, disability, pregnancy or family status, and name the rule it touches (EEOC job advertisement guidance or 29 CFR 1625.4). Flag any degree or years-of-experience requirement that the listed duties do not clearly need. Then check the pay section: a range with both a low and a high number, a benefits line, and a closing date. Reply as a table with three columns: line, problem, fix. If nothing is wrong, say so in one line. [paste the posting]

本頁沒有展示第二個模型的實際執行結果；提示詞才是成品，上面的丹佛貼文就是拿來測試它的對象。有兩個限制要記住。這個檢查抓的是用字，不是決定：貼文再乾淨，後面若在面試時問起孩子的問題，照樣有問題。還有，「必須能搬50磅」只有在搬重物確實是工作內容時才合法，這一點模型無從得知，所以體能要求只能寫在你實際列出的職責之內。

接待員和廚房廚師的填寫範例長什麼樣子？

同一則提示詞，再換兩個職位，都在2026年9月27日用Claude跑的。接待員在紐約州，九人的診所適用（門檻是四名員工），薪資範圍必須有上下限。廚師在德州，沒有州規定適用，薪資範圍照樣列出。

Write a job posting for a front desk receptionist at Bayview Dental, a two-dentist practice with nine staff in Brooklyn, New York. Duties, in order of time spent: greet patients and check them in; book and confirm appointments in Dentrix; verify insurance and take copays; answer the phone and return every voicemail by the end of the day; scan and file records. Must-haves: one year at a front desk in a medical or dental office, Dentrix or a similar scheduler, reliably on time. Nice-to-haves: Spanish or Russian, dental billing codes. Pay: $21 to $25 an hour, plus health insurance after 90 days, a 401(k) with a 3% match and eight paid holidays. Schedule: on-site, Tuesday to Saturday, 8:00 to 4:30. Applications close 15 November 2026, by email to hiring@bayviewdental.example. [the rules, as above]

Front Desk Receptionist, Bayview Dental (Brooklyn, NY)

Bayview Dental is a two-dentist practice with nine staff in Brooklyn. You are the first person every patient meets and the one who keeps the day's schedule true.

What you will do - Greet patients and check them in - Book and confirm appointments in Dentrix - Verify insurance and take copays - Answer the phone and return every voicemail by the end of the day - Scan and file records

What you need - One year at the front desk of a medical or dental office - Dentrix or a similar scheduling system - Reliably on time

Nice to have: Spanish or Russian, and familiarity with dental billing codes.

Pay and benefits $21 to $25 an hour. Health insurance after 90 days, a 401(k) with a 3% match, and eight paid holidays.

Schedule On-site in Brooklyn, Tuesday to Saturday, 8:00 am to 4:30 pm.

How to apply Email your resume to hiring@bayviewdental.example. Applications close 15 November 2026.

共157字，模型自己寫的只有摘要的第二句。至於塔可餅店，指令是這樣的：Marisol's Tacos的廚師，這是德州奧斯汀一家14人的塔可餅店；職責：午餐和晚餐時段負責烤架與平煎爐、依每日清單備製莎莎醬、肉類與蔬菜、讓出餐線保持備料充足並貼好標籤、清潔並收工整理工作站、尖峰時段支援收銀；必備條件：一年出餐線經驗、德州食品處理員證、週末可上班；加分條件：西班牙語、墨西哥料理的烤架或備料經驗；薪資每小時$17至$20，加上小費分成、每班一餐免費餐點和有薪病假；每週30至40小時，週四到週一，午餐與晚餐班；截止日期2026年11月20日，kitchen@marisolstacos.example。

Line Cook, Marisol's Tacos (Austin, TX)

Marisol's Tacos is a 14-person taqueria in Austin. We need a cook who can hold the grill through a Friday dinner and still close a clean station.

What you will do - Run the grill and flat-top through lunch and dinner - Prep salsas, proteins and vegetables from the daily list - Keep the line stocked and labelled - Clean and close the station - Cover the register during rushes

What you need - One year on a line - A Texas food handler card - Weekend availability

Nice to have: Spanish, or grill and prep work in Mexican food.

Pay and benefits $17 to $20 an hour plus a share of the tip pool. A free meal every shift and paid sick time.

Schedule 30 to 40 hours a week, Thursday to Monday, a mix of lunch and dinner shifts.

How to apply Email kitchen@marisolstacos.example. Applications close 20 November 2026.

三個職位，三份輸出，字數介於149到179之間，沒有學歷要求、沒有年齡暗示，也沒有開放式範圍。這個規律之所以成立，是因為提示詞除了摘要的第二句，沒有留給模型任何需要決定的事。如果你經營的公司不只一個職缺，小型企業主的AI運用那一頁介紹了模型能代擬的其他文書，而績效考核的提示詞，則在人員到職後沿用同樣的五項職責輸入。從貼文到錄取之間，招募人員的AI運用會把同樣的必備條件變成篩選提示詞，但不打分數也不排名，這兩項都是紐約市偏見稽核規定點名的輸出。

哪一個AI最適合寫職務說明書？

決定結果的是提示詞，不是模型：只要給了五項職責和上下限齊全的薪資範圍，GPT、Claude和Gemini都會回傳這五個段落，差別在各自額外加了什麼。在我們的測試中，Claude每篇貼文多加了一句話，外加一個「depending on experience」。要避開的是任何拿到單薄指令的模型；SHRM 2024年對Jasper與ChatGPT的測試說得很直白：「AI is an excellent jumping-off point」（AI是很好的起點），而要讓成果符合組織需求，仍需要人工處理。SHRM的2025年人才趨勢調查訪問了2,040位人資專業人士（2025年2月3日至12日進行），發現人資工作使用AI的比例為43%，2024年為26%，所以你的競爭對手的貼文也越來越多出自模型之手，而讀起來像真實企業的貼文，都是由人提供職責的那些。

這個查詢第一頁的產生器工具，是另一種行業。Indeed和Workable的產生器在刊登貼文的產品內部直接寫，所以最後一步只是按一個按鈕；Grammarly和Simplified給你的是要貼上去的文字，跟聊天模型一樣。如果你想要初稿和法律檢查分別來自兩個模型家族，而且同一個帳號還要寫錄取通知信和面試問題，那訂閱聊天服務比較划算。Whizi把GPT、Claude和Gemini放在同一個登入底下，網頁搜尋預設開啟，但它不會替你發佈到Indeed、LinkedIn或應徵者追蹤系統，所以貼文要靠複製貼上送出，跟用ChatGPT一樣。

所以決策規則是這樣。薪資範圍到處都要列：在13州與華盛頓特區是因為法律要求，在其他37州則是因為你所競爭的貼文已有51.8%這麼做。給模型五項職責和上下限齊全的薪資範圍，禁止它最愛捏造的東西，並在應徵者看到之前，讓第二個模型先讀過結果。